The Balsillie Papers provides clear, concise, peer-reviewed articles about today’s most complex issues in global governance and international affairs.

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LATEST PAPER

FAIR-A4: A Governance Model for Auditable, Accountable, Actionable and Attributable Agentic AI

Balsillie Paper COVER - Yazdinejad Karimipour Fitz-Gerald
Abbas Yazdinejad, Hadis Karimipour and Ann Fitz-Gerald

This paper surfaces existing gaps in the governance of agentic AI systems. While we have solutions for governing the data and predictions of machine learning systems, there is no precedent for governing systems whose decisions occur through autonomous changes in memory, tool use and state over time.

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RECENT PAPERS

A Skewed “Modernization”: Looking for Balance in Canada’s Access to Information and Privacy Reviews

Matt Malone
This policy paper discusses Canada's ongoing reviews of the federal Access to Information Act and Privacy Act and identifies several reforms that would rebalance these separate review processes.

Potential Security Implications of Climate Intervention Technologies for NATO

Elizabeth Chalecki
This paper discusses the security effects of climate change, the pros and cons of different types of climate intervention (CI) that would operate in the global commons and the policy implications for NATO.

Economic Security and Prosperity: Leveraging Canada’s Potash and Strategic Partnerships

Mejgan Shefa, Julia Chapman, Sahar Hamdam
Canada must address infrastructure bottlenecks, transportation constraints and weak supply chain coordination while diversifying their trade partners if they are to fully leverage its dominant position in potash production.

Whose Law Governs Canadian Data?

The CLOUD Act, Executive Agreements and Digital Sovereignty

SPECIAL REPORT

MARCH 11, 2026

Barry Appleton